Persian Kurdish Rug

The Kurdish tribes are one of the most prominent tribes of Iran for sure, as they inhabit different geographic situations in Iran. Both nomad and sedentary Kurdish people mainly live in the West and northeast of Iran in Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kermanshah, Hamadan, and Khorasan provinces. They speak in two different Kurdish languages called Sorani Kurdish and Kurmanji Kurdish. Their scattered populations in Iran are why each Kurdish tribe has its specific beliefs, culture, language, and different productions; this caused us to face many miscellaneous carpets and rugs from the Kurdish tribe. Like other tribes, Kurdish women are the primary producers of Kurdish rugs. They usually weave by their imagination; also, most carpets are in medium sizes range, although northeastern Kurdish produce small domestic rugs. Among many styles of this tribe's carpets, the “Mahi” or “Herati” pattern is noble and belongs to western Persian Kurdish. Other main designs include Moharamat (a group of vertical/horizontal/diagonal lines with floral motifs), Golfarang, Minakhani flower, geometric medallions, Boteh, and plants motifs. As they have different lifestyles, their carpet types have unique forms, individual weaving techniques, and specific usage like flat-woven rugs (kilim and jajim rugs), tents, cushions, saddlebags, and carpets for special ceremonies. Nomad’s looms are horizontal and portable, but rural tribes use stable vertical looms, and they all do natural dyeing with herbs and vegetables on wool, cotton, and silk. “Mahi” rugs from western Persian Kurdish and kilim rugs of southeastern Persian Kurdish are considered unique Kurdish carpets.

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The life and culture of the Kurd tribes of Iran have a long story. This tribe has a scattered population in Iran and is divided into two main subtribes: Kurmanji Kurd and Sorani Kurd. These two Kurdish tribes have distinct cultures and lifestyles; their habitats are different. Kurmanji Kurd people live in the northwest of Iran, mainly in the Quchan county of Razavi Khorasan in Iran. During the late sixteenth century, the Safavid Empire relocated the Kurmanji Kurds to this region for political purposes and to defend the northern Khorasan borders against enemies from nearby areas like the Turkmen tribes because they were respected as excellent fighters. These people speak in their particular Kurdish called Kurmanji Kurdish. Their weavers produce completely different rugs from the Sorani tribe. Their unique kilim rugs have needlework on their surfaces and are very famous in Iran. These kilim rug designs are mostly motifs of animals among horizontal rows on a cream or camel color field. These kilim rugs are used for important ceremonies like weddings. The Sorani Kurdish tribe inhabits the west of Iran in Kurdistan, Hamadan, and Kermanshah provinces. They have many clans and families that Koliaie, Gurani, Sanjabi, Kalhor, and Jaf, including the essential clans of Sorani Kurdish also in carpet weaving. According to the cold weather of their geographical situations, carpet and rugs are absolutely on the crucial list of their desires. The main carpet-weaving zones of the Sorani Kurdish tribe are Koliaie and Shirin Abbad villages and Sonqor city. Koliaie weavers produce most of the Sorani Kurdish carpets. Shirin Abbad rugs are similar to Bidjar rugs, and other clans produce a small range of carpets.

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